This model suggests that collective action can be analyzed in terms of four dimensions operationalized by 10 indicators. Two of the dimensions involve relationships between individuals and two involve the organizational setting which influences collective action. The four dimensions are interrelated and influence each other.

The relational dimensions are:

1) Shared Goals and Vision refers to the existence of common goals and their appropriation by the team, the recognition of divergent motives, the diversity of definitions and expectations regarding collaboration;

2) Internalization refers to an awareness by professionals of their interdependencies and of the importance of managing them.  This translates into a sense of belonging, knowledge of each other’s values and discipline and mutual trust.

The organizational dimensions are:

3) Formalization is the extent to which documented procedures communicate desired outputs and behaviours and are being used. Formalization clarifies expectations and responsibilities.

4) Governance  is  the leadership functions that support collaboration. Governance gives direction to and supports professionals as they implement innovations related to interprofessional and interorganizational collaborative practices.

Together, these four dimensions and the interaction between them capture the processes inherent in collaboration. They are subject to the influence of external and structural factors such as resources, financial constraints and policies. 

Source:  BMC Health Center Research